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World Unprepared For Urban Boom

  3 min 36 sec to read

 
In a world of more than nine billion people by 2050, most of the 6.5 billion urban dwellers will be living in developing countries, says the World Economic and Social Survey 2013, emphasising that new strategies are needed to address the impacts of rapid urbanisation around the world, including increasing demands for energy, water, sanitation, public services, education and health. 
 
According to the survey published by the UN Department for Economic and Social Affairs last week, more than 6.25 billion people will be living in cities by 2050. Within the time period of 2000-2050, developing regions could add 3.2 billion new urbanites, a figure larger than the entire world’s population in 1950. The survey found that the vision of sustainable development — promoting economic and social wellbeing while protecting the environment — has not been achieved, despite encouraging progress. Rising inequality and shortfalls in development partnership, rapid population growth, climate change and environmental degradation have hampered efforts. 
 
Damage to the global environment is reaching critical levels and threatens to lead to irreversible changes in global ecosystems, the survey said. The overarching environmental damage is anthropogenic, with humans releasing increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which is leading to global warming. If no policy framework is established to address this issue, the survey states, the number of people living in slums lacking access to basic infrastructure and services such as water, sanitation, electricity, health care and education might triple from 1 billion at present to 3 billion by 2050. 
 
The survey states that sustainable development of urban areas requires integration, coordination, and investments to tackle issues of land-use, food security, job creation, building new roads, biodiversity conservation, water conservation, renewable energy sourcing, waste and recycling management, and the provision of education, health care and housing. The survey calls for ambitious, action-oriented sustainable development strategies to address the different levels of urban development that are adaptable to different contexts. 
 
Estimates indicate that food production will have to increase 70 percent globally to feed an additional 2.3 billion people by 2050. The survey emphasises that economic and financial incentives to create and adopt new technologies will require policy reforms including taxes and subsidies, as well as regulatory reforms. (Agency)
‘Nepal’s push for urbanization is poorly managed’
 
Nepal, once viewed as least urbanised country in South Asia, is witnessing a rapid pace of urbanisation. Population increase and migration are considered as significant factors in the growth of cities across the country. Rise in infrastructure development and increased economic opportunities too are fuelling the push for urbanisation. According to government data , Nepal’s urban population grew at 4.45 percent in 2012 compared to the previous year. Some 20 percent of Nepal’s population is currently living in urban areas. The contribution of urban areas to the gross domestic product (GDP) is assumed to be 65 percent. Urban areas in Nepal spread across 3,276 km square of the total area. A report published by The World Bank last year marked Nepal as the fastest urbanising nation in South Asia. 
 
However, poorly managed urbanisation in Nepal is ringing alarm bells as many problems have emerged. Particularly, the growth of cities is associated with rise in unemployment, inadequate health service, poor sanitation, urban slums, environmental degradation and crime. The World Bank last year warned that unless the government seriously manages urbanisation better, the country could fail to attain economic efficiency from the process. In March 2013, the bank also published another report entitled ‘Urban Growth and Spatial Transition: An Initial Assessment’ which warns about the consequences of unmanaged urbanisation in Nepal. ‘Nepal’s urban centres, particularly the Kathmandu Valley, are already facing serious challenges due to multiple factors such as inadequate infrastructure, haphazard planning and poor business environment,’ states the report. The report strongly advocates for the government to prioritise on investment in infrastructure, connect cities internally and externally and make growth inclusive in order to foster the growth and sustainability of urban area
 

 

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